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The penetration of Islamic culture into India began in the 7th century, with the Muslim conquest of broad areas of the Subcontinent. In the following centuries, Islamic art took hold in India as a result of historical events, like the invasion of Turkic nomads, or the establishment of various Muslim dynasties. In 1192, Delhi became the capital of a unified Muslim-Indian empire. It collapsed with the conquest of the region by Timur, and the founding of the Timurid empire.
Islamic art in India is characterized by a mix of Hindu and Islamic traditions. Finds include nargilas, boxes, incense-burners and pitchers. They were all made of silver and gold, with inlaid gemstones, and decorated with depictions of plants, animals and people in enamel and niello – a technique much-favored by the Moghul emperors.
“Bidriware,” named for the royal capital (Bidar) of Ahmad Shah in the mid-15th century, was known for its unique metalwork technique. The vessel was first blackened; then the design, which would stand out against the black color, was etched into it. Finally a silver or brass thread or leaf was inlaid in the etched design. Examples of the period with extremely fine carvings, and vessels made from rock-crystal, have been found, all of which were finished off by inlaid gemstones and gold threads.
Glass art of the period was influenced by European glass vessels, with gilded decorations. Wooden boxes and furniture were adorned with mother-of-pearl and ivory inlays. A wealth of Moghul manuscripts depicts historical battle scenes and hunts, but also portraits of the emperor and the women of the court, done in a realistic style.
The rugs, woven fabrics, and jewelry of this period are wonderfully rich, and represent some of the most beautiful examples of Islamic art. But its crowning glory lies in the gold- and silver-work. The museum has on display an enormous collection of Moghul jewelry, inlaid with diamonds, rubies, emeralds, other gemstones, and quantities of pearls. They were objects of desire for women and men alike.
